Work Life Balance and Employee Commitment in Indigenous Oil Servicing Companies in Rivers State
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4122Abstract
This study examined the relationship between work life balance and employee commitment in indigenous oil servicing companies in Rivers State. The study adopted a cross-sectional research survey design. Primary source was generated through self- administered questionnaire. The population of the study is 270 employees of twenty-four (24) selected indigenous oil servicing companies in Rivers State. The sample size of 161 was determined using the Taro Yamane’s formula for sample size determination. The reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70 selected. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Coefficient. The results of the analysed data revealed that there is a significant relationship between work environment and employee commitment in indigenous oil servicing companies in Rivers State. The study thus concludes that work life balance significantly influences employee commitment in indigenous oil servicing companies in Rivers State. Therefore, the study recommends that indigenous oil servicing companies should adopt policies that encourage work life balance practices such as flexible work arrangements, family responsibilities support, and wellness programs. The considerations of childcare, dependent care and allowing employees more time with their families which are issues that characterize employee’s role at home should be encouraged.
Keywords: Work Life Balance, Affective Commitment, Normative Commitment and Continuance Commitment
References
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Akintayo, D.I. (2010). Work-family role conflict and organizational commitment among industrial workers in Nigeria. Journal of Psychology and Counselling, 2(1), 1-8.
Akter, A., Hossen, M. A., & Islam, M. N. (2019). Impact of work life balance on organizational commitment of university teachers: Evidence from Jashore University of Science and Technology. International journal of scientific research and management, 7(04), 1073-1079.
Ali, M. D., & Ashraf, A. (2021). The Conceptualization of Work Family Role conflict and job outcomes: A systematic Review. Ilkogretim Online, 20(6).
Aslam, R., Shumaila, S., Azhar, M. & Sadaqat S. (2011). Work-family conflicts: Relationship between work-life conflict and employee retention – A comparative study of public and private sector employees. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business, 1(2), 18-29
Awosusi, O., Olusesi, L., & Zakariya, S. (2020). Work-Life Balance and Emotional Intelligence among staff of the University of Ilorin, Nigeria. LASU Journal of Employment Relations and Human Resource Management, 2(1), 1-13.
Bae, K. B., & Goodman, D. (2014). The influence of family-friendly policies on turnover and performance in South Korea. Public Personnel Management, 43(4), 520-542.
Bal, Y., Bozkurt, S., &Ertemsir, E. (2014). Determining the influence of HRM services on increasing organizational commitment: An empirical research from Turkey. Paper presented at the Human Capital without Border: Knowledge and Learning for Quality of Life, Portorož, Slovenia.
Beheshtifar, M., & Herat, B.H. (2013). To promote employees commitment via perceived organizational support. International Journal of Academic Research in business and Social Sciences, 13(1), 7-19.
Bello, Z., & Tanko, G. I. (2020). Review of Work-Life Balance Theories. GATR Global Journal of Business and Social Science Review (GJBSSR) Vol. 8(4) OCT-DEC 2020, 8(4), 217–227.
Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of a measure of workplace deviance. Journal of applied psychology, 85(3), 349.
Berguig, O., &Abdelbaki, N. (2022). Quality of Work Life and Turnover Intention: A Framework Based on Literature Review. American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Development (AJMRD), 4(11), 06-13.
Carlson, D. S., Kalmar. K M., Wayne, J., &Grzywacz. J.G. (2006). Measuring the positive side of the work –family interface: Development and validation of awork-family enrichment scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, (68), 131-64.
Cazan, A. M., Truţă, C., &Pavalache-Ilie, M. (2019). The Work-Life Conflict and Satisfaction with Life: Correlates and the Mediating Role of the Work-Family Conflict. Romanian Journal of Psychology, 21(1).
Chanana, N. (2021). The impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on employees’ organizational commitment and job satisfaction in reference to gender differences. Journal of Public Affairs, 21(4), e2695.
Clarke, M. C., Koch, L. C., & Hill, E. J. (2004). The work‐family interface: differentiating balance and fit. Family and consumer sciences research journal, 33(2), 121-140.
Cummings, T. G., & Cummings, C. (2020). The relevance challenge in management and organization studies: Bringing organization development back in. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 56(4), 521-546.
Cvenkel, N. (2021). Work-Life Balance and Well-Being at Work: Employees’ Perspective to Promote a Psychologically Healthy Workplace. The Palgrave Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility, 429-451.
Dex, S., & Bond, S. (2005). Measuring work life balance and its covariates. Work, Enjoyment and Society, 19 (3), 627-637.
Dubey, I., & Srivastava, M. (2020). Occupational Health Hazards of Leather Industry Workers, Precautions and Causative Measures Used by Them. Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development, 15(3), 581-592.
Emmanuel, O. I., Nwakoby, P. N., & Augustina, I. (2020). Organisational Climate And Affective Commitment: Evidence From Private Tertiary Institutions. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 9(3), 656-662.
Greenhaus, J.H., & Powell, G. (2006). When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. Academy of Management Review, 31, 72-92.
Grund, C., &Titz, K. (2022). Affective commitment through further training: the roles of firm provision and employee participation. Review of Managerial Science, 16(4), 1195-1226.
Guest, D. E. (2002). Perspectives on the study of work-life balance. Social Science Information, 41(2), 255-279.
Kalitanyi, V. (2022). Role of normative commitment in fostering university employees’ commitment. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 11(10), 35-45.
Lee, C., & Chen, C. (2013). The relationship between employee commitment and job attitude and its effect on service quality in the tourism industry. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 3, 196-208.
Lee, D. J., & Joseph Sirgy, M. (2019). Work-life balance in the digital workplace: The impact of schedule flexibility and telecommuting on work-life balance and overall life satisfaction. In Thriving in digital workspaces (pp. 355-384). Springer, Cham.
Lewis, S. (1997). ‘Family Friendly’ employment policies: A route to changing organizational culture or playing about at the margins? Gender, Work and Organization, 4(1), 13-24.
Lockwood, H.S (2008) Work-life benefi ts and positive organizational behavior: Is there a connection? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29, 171–192.
Madi, M., Abu-Jarad, I. &Alqahtani, A, H, M (2012). Employees’ Perception and Organizational Commitment: A Study on the Banking Sector in Gaza, Palestine.
Maertz, C. P., & Boyar, S. L. (2011). Work-Family Conflict, Enrichment, and Balance under “Levels” and “Episodes” Approaches. Journal of Management, 37(1), 68–98.
Maya, R., &Pushpavalli, M. G. (2021). Impact of Age in the Job Satisfaction Level: A Study of Construction Workers in Clusters of Tiruvallur District in Tamil Nadu. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 20(1).
Meyer, J. P. & Maltin, E.R. (2010). Employee commitment and well-being: A critical review, theoretical framework and research agenda. Journal of Vocational Behavior,77(4),323–337.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1997). Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research, and application. Sage Publications, Inc.
Mmakwe, K. A., &Ukoha, O. (2018). Work-life balance and employee performance in Nigerian banks, Port Harcourt. WORK, 4(1), 107-119.
Morris, M. L., & Madsen, S.R. (2007). Advancing work life integration in individuals, organizations and communities. Advances in Developing Human Resources, (9), 439-454.
Muoghalu, O. J., &Tantua, E. (2021). Workplace Ethics and Employee Commitment of Oil and Gas Companies in Rivers State. International Journal of Business & Law Research 9(1):89-100,
Mushtaq, R., Ellahi, A., & Khan, M. B. (2019). Influence of Organizational Justice, Supervisor Support, and Group Cohesiveness on Organizational Commitment: Mediated Role of Ethical Behavior. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 34(4).
Mushtaq, R., Ellahi, A., & Khan, M. B. (2019). Influence of Organizational Justice, Supervisor Support, and Group Cohesiveness on Organizational Commitment: Mediated Role of Ethical Behavior. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 34(4).
Nnko, E. E. (2022). Flexible Work Arrangements on Performance of Nurses in Regional Hospitals in Tanzania (Doctoral dissertation, JKUAT-COHRED).
Pathiranage, Y. L., Jayatilake, L. V., &Abeysekera, R. (2020). A literature review on organizational culture towards corporate performance. International journal of management, accounting and economics, 7(9), 522-544.
Powell, D. M., & Meyer, J. P. (2004). Side-bet theory and the three-component model of organizational commitment. Journal of vocational behavior, 65(1), 157-177.
Riyanto, S., Ariyanto, E., &Lukertina, L. (2019). Work life balance and its influence on employee engagement “Y” generation in courier service industry. International Review of Management and Marketing, 9(6), 25.
Rowden, R. W. (2002). The relationship between workplace learning and job satisfaction in US small to midsize businesses. Human resource development quarterly, 13(4), 407-425.
Shahid, A. &Azhar, D. (2013). Gaining employee commitment: Linking to organizational effectiveness. Journal of Management Research, 76(3), 124-133.
Sidin, S., Sambasivan, M., & Ismail. I. (2010). Relationship between work-family conflict and quality of life: An investigation into the role of social support. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25(1), 58-81.
Singh, R. N., & Mohanty, R. P. (2016). Work–Life Balance Satisfaction and Organisational Commitment: Moderating Role of Employees’ Cultural Values.
Sipior, J. C., & Lombardi, D. (2019). The impact of employee organisational commitment on compliance with information security policy. In Proceedings of the Southern Association for Information Systems Conference.
Sironi, E. (2019). Job satisfaction as a determinant of employees’ optimal well-being in an instrumental variable approach. Quality & Quantity, 53(4), 1721-1742.
Stallworth, Lynn. "Antecedents and consequences of organizational commitment to accounting organizations." Managerial Auditing Journal (2004).
Submitter, G. A. T. R., Bello, Z., &Tanko, G. I. (2020). Review of work-life balance theories. Journals and Bello, Zainab and Tanko, Garba Ibrahim, Review of Work-Life Balance Theories (December 31, 2020). Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Bello, Z, 217-227.
Sungu, L. J., Weng, Q., & Xu, X. (2019). Organizational commitment and job performance: Examining the moderating roles of occupational commitment and transformational leadership. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 27(3), 280-290.
Susi.S, J. (2010). Work-Life Balance: The key driver of employee engagement. Asian journal of management research, 1-10.
Tan, T. Y. (2019). Relation of work-life balance to counterproductive work behavior and turnover intention among Malaysian employees. In 2nd International Conference on Intervention and Applied Psychology (ICIAP 2018) (pp. 965-974). Atlantis Press.
Tho'in, M., &Muliasari, D. (2020). Analysis of work satisfaction, organizational commitments, and work engagement effect toward employee performance in Sharia Banks. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 4(02).
Tunio, S., Unar, N., &Jabeen, R. (2022). To analyze Transformational Leadership and OCB an effect on Organizational Commitment: Higher Education Teaching Faculty of Pakistan. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 3(2), 125-134.
Yadav, G. P., & Uprtou, A. (2022). Impact of employee attitude on the performance of an organization. Allahabad: School of Management Studies.
Zheng, W., Sharan, K. & Wei, J. (2010). New Development of Organizational Commitment: A Critical Review (1960-2009). African Journal of Business Management. 4(1), 12-20.
Akintayo, D.I. (2010). Work-family role conflict and organizational commitment among industrial workers in Nigeria. Journal of Psychology and Counselling, 2(1), 1-8.
Akter, A., Hossen, M. A., & Islam, M. N. (2019). Impact of work life balance on organizational commitment of university teachers: Evidence from Jashore University of Science and Technology. International journal of scientific research and management, 7(04), 1073-1079.
Ali, M. D., & Ashraf, A. (2021). The Conceptualization of Work Family Role conflict and job outcomes: A systematic Review. Ilkogretim Online, 20(6).
Aslam, R., Shumaila, S., Azhar, M. & Sadaqat S. (2011). Work-family conflicts: Relationship between work-life conflict and employee retention – A comparative study of public and private sector employees. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business, 1(2), 18-29
Awosusi, O., Olusesi, L., & Zakariya, S. (2020). Work-Life Balance and Emotional Intelligence among staff of the University of Ilorin, Nigeria. LASU Journal of Employment Relations and Human Resource Management, 2(1), 1-13.
Bae, K. B., & Goodman, D. (2014). The influence of family-friendly policies on turnover and performance in South Korea. Public Personnel Management, 43(4), 520-542.
Bal, Y., Bozkurt, S., &Ertemsir, E. (2014). Determining the influence of HRM services on increasing organizational commitment: An empirical research from Turkey. Paper presented at the Human Capital without Border: Knowledge and Learning for Quality of Life, Portorož, Slovenia.
Beheshtifar, M., & Herat, B.H. (2013). To promote employees commitment via perceived organizational support. International Journal of Academic Research in business and Social Sciences, 13(1), 7-19.
Bello, Z., & Tanko, G. I. (2020). Review of Work-Life Balance Theories. GATR Global Journal of Business and Social Science Review (GJBSSR) Vol. 8(4) OCT-DEC 2020, 8(4), 217–227.
Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of a measure of workplace deviance. Journal of applied psychology, 85(3), 349.
Berguig, O., &Abdelbaki, N. (2022). Quality of Work Life and Turnover Intention: A Framework Based on Literature Review. American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Development (AJMRD), 4(11), 06-13.
Carlson, D. S., Kalmar. K M., Wayne, J., &Grzywacz. J.G. (2006). Measuring the positive side of the work –family interface: Development and validation of awork-family enrichment scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, (68), 131-64.
Cazan, A. M., Truţă, C., &Pavalache-Ilie, M. (2019). The Work-Life Conflict and Satisfaction with Life: Correlates and the Mediating Role of the Work-Family Conflict. Romanian Journal of Psychology, 21(1).
Chanana, N. (2021). The impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on employees’ organizational commitment and job satisfaction in reference to gender differences. Journal of Public Affairs, 21(4), e2695.
Clarke, M. C., Koch, L. C., & Hill, E. J. (2004). The work‐family interface: differentiating balance and fit. Family and consumer sciences research journal, 33(2), 121-140.
Cummings, T. G., & Cummings, C. (2020). The relevance challenge in management and organization studies: Bringing organization development back in. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 56(4), 521-546.
Cvenkel, N. (2021). Work-Life Balance and Well-Being at Work: Employees’ Perspective to Promote a Psychologically Healthy Workplace. The Palgrave Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility, 429-451.
Dex, S., & Bond, S. (2005). Measuring work life balance and its covariates. Work, Enjoyment and Society, 19 (3), 627-637.
Dubey, I., & Srivastava, M. (2020). Occupational Health Hazards of Leather Industry Workers, Precautions and Causative Measures Used by Them. Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development, 15(3), 581-592.
Emmanuel, O. I., Nwakoby, P. N., & Augustina, I. (2020). Organisational Climate And Affective Commitment: Evidence From Private Tertiary Institutions. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 9(3), 656-662.
Greenhaus, J.H., & Powell, G. (2006). When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. Academy of Management Review, 31, 72-92.
Grund, C., &Titz, K. (2022). Affective commitment through further training: the roles of firm provision and employee participation. Review of Managerial Science, 16(4), 1195-1226.
Guest, D. E. (2002). Perspectives on the study of work-life balance. Social Science Information, 41(2), 255-279.
Kalitanyi, V. (2022). Role of normative commitment in fostering university employees’ commitment. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 11(10), 35-45.
Lee, C., & Chen, C. (2013). The relationship between employee commitment and job attitude and its effect on service quality in the tourism industry. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 3, 196-208.
Lee, D. J., & Joseph Sirgy, M. (2019). Work-life balance in the digital workplace: The impact of schedule flexibility and telecommuting on work-life balance and overall life satisfaction. In Thriving in digital workspaces (pp. 355-384). Springer, Cham.
Lewis, S. (1997). ‘Family Friendly’ employment policies: A route to changing organizational culture or playing about at the margins? Gender, Work and Organization, 4(1), 13-24.
Lockwood, H.S (2008) Work-life benefi ts and positive organizational behavior: Is there a connection? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29, 171–192.
Madi, M., Abu-Jarad, I. &Alqahtani, A, H, M (2012). Employees’ Perception and Organizational Commitment: A Study on the Banking Sector in Gaza, Palestine.
Maertz, C. P., & Boyar, S. L. (2011). Work-Family Conflict, Enrichment, and Balance under “Levels” and “Episodes” Approaches. Journal of Management, 37(1), 68–98.
Maya, R., &Pushpavalli, M. G. (2021). Impact of Age in the Job Satisfaction Level: A Study of Construction Workers in Clusters of Tiruvallur District in Tamil Nadu. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 20(1).
Meyer, J. P. & Maltin, E.R. (2010). Employee commitment and well-being: A critical review, theoretical framework and research agenda. Journal of Vocational Behavior,77(4),323–337.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1997). Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research, and application. Sage Publications, Inc.
Mmakwe, K. A., &Ukoha, O. (2018). Work-life balance and employee performance in Nigerian banks, Port Harcourt. WORK, 4(1), 107-119.
Morris, M. L., & Madsen, S.R. (2007). Advancing work life integration in individuals, organizations and communities. Advances in Developing Human Resources, (9), 439-454.
Muoghalu, O. J., &Tantua, E. (2021). Workplace Ethics and Employee Commitment of Oil and Gas Companies in Rivers State. International Journal of Business & Law Research 9(1):89-100,
Mushtaq, R., Ellahi, A., & Khan, M. B. (2019). Influence of Organizational Justice, Supervisor Support, and Group Cohesiveness on Organizational Commitment: Mediated Role of Ethical Behavior. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 34(4).
Mushtaq, R., Ellahi, A., & Khan, M. B. (2019). Influence of Organizational Justice, Supervisor Support, and Group Cohesiveness on Organizational Commitment: Mediated Role of Ethical Behavior. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 34(4).
Nnko, E. E. (2022). Flexible Work Arrangements on Performance of Nurses in Regional Hospitals in Tanzania (Doctoral dissertation, JKUAT-COHRED).
Pathiranage, Y. L., Jayatilake, L. V., &Abeysekera, R. (2020). A literature review on organizational culture towards corporate performance. International journal of management, accounting and economics, 7(9), 522-544.
Powell, D. M., & Meyer, J. P. (2004). Side-bet theory and the three-component model of organizational commitment. Journal of vocational behavior, 65(1), 157-177.
Riyanto, S., Ariyanto, E., &Lukertina, L. (2019). Work life balance and its influence on employee engagement “Y” generation in courier service industry. International Review of Management and Marketing, 9(6), 25.
Rowden, R. W. (2002). The relationship between workplace learning and job satisfaction in US small to midsize businesses. Human resource development quarterly, 13(4), 407-425.
Shahid, A. &Azhar, D. (2013). Gaining employee commitment: Linking to organizational effectiveness. Journal of Management Research, 76(3), 124-133.
Sidin, S., Sambasivan, M., & Ismail. I. (2010). Relationship between work-family conflict and quality of life: An investigation into the role of social support. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25(1), 58-81.
Singh, R. N., & Mohanty, R. P. (2016). Work–Life Balance Satisfaction and Organisational Commitment: Moderating Role of Employees’ Cultural Values.
Sipior, J. C., & Lombardi, D. (2019). The impact of employee organisational commitment on compliance with information security policy. In Proceedings of the Southern Association for Information Systems Conference.
Sironi, E. (2019). Job satisfaction as a determinant of employees’ optimal well-being in an instrumental variable approach. Quality & Quantity, 53(4), 1721-1742.
Stallworth, Lynn. "Antecedents and consequences of organizational commitment to accounting organizations." Managerial Auditing Journal (2004).
Submitter, G. A. T. R., Bello, Z., &Tanko, G. I. (2020). Review of work-life balance theories. Journals and Bello, Zainab and Tanko, Garba Ibrahim, Review of Work-Life Balance Theories (December 31, 2020). Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Bello, Z, 217-227.
Sungu, L. J., Weng, Q., & Xu, X. (2019). Organizational commitment and job performance: Examining the moderating roles of occupational commitment and transformational leadership. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 27(3), 280-290.
Susi.S, J. (2010). Work-Life Balance: The key driver of employee engagement. Asian journal of management research, 1-10.
Tan, T. Y. (2019). Relation of work-life balance to counterproductive work behavior and turnover intention among Malaysian employees. In 2nd International Conference on Intervention and Applied Psychology (ICIAP 2018) (pp. 965-974). Atlantis Press.
Tho'in, M., &Muliasari, D. (2020). Analysis of work satisfaction, organizational commitments, and work engagement effect toward employee performance in Sharia Banks. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 4(02).
Tunio, S., Unar, N., &Jabeen, R. (2022). To analyze Transformational Leadership and OCB an effect on Organizational Commitment: Higher Education Teaching Faculty of Pakistan. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 3(2), 125-134.
Yadav, G. P., & Uprtou, A. (2022). Impact of employee attitude on the performance of an organization. Allahabad: School of Management Studies.
Zheng, W., Sharan, K. & Wei, J. (2010). New Development of Organizational Commitment: A Critical Review (1960-2009). African Journal of Business Management. 4(1), 12-20.
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Published
2023-02-02
How to Cite
Georgewill, I. A. . (2023). Work Life Balance and Employee Commitment in Indigenous Oil Servicing Companies in Rivers State. Journal of Human Resource & Leadership, 7(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4122
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