Influence of the Impact of Tourism Partnerships and Associated Tourism Factors on the Performance of Tourism in Beaches of Kwale County
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4135Abstract
Collaborative tourism governance among the stakeholders is one of the approaches used to manage tourism destinations. This approach is not devoid of bottlenecks. This study sought to determine the influence of collaborative tourism governance on tourism performance in Kwale County. The study objectives were to; review the impact of tourism partnerships on the performance of tourism in beaches of Kwale County and to examine factors associated with influencing the successful operations of tourism partnerships for better tourism performance in Kwale County. This study adopted a descriptive research design and mixed methods of collecting quantitative and qualitative primary data. The study was conducted at the beaches of Kwale County which have a wide range of tourist attractions and a variety of tourism stakeholders. The study targeted senior officers involved in tourism activities working for the National government and its affiliated tourism agencies. The study also targeted senior tourism and trade officers working for Kwale County Government. In addition, the study targeted private associations involved in tourism activities in Kwale County. Purposive sampling techniques were used to select senior officers and officials and members of stakeholder’s associations who participated in the survey. The key informant interview schedule was used to collect data from senior officers while a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data primary data from associations’ respondents. Multiple linear regression fitness model analysis was used to predict the influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable. Based on the findings of this study it can be concluded that the impact of tourism partnership and factors associated with influencing the operations of tourism alliances play a critical role in the performance of beaches in Kwale County. The study recommends for a SWOT model be developed to ensure that all the positive and negative attributes of a beach destination concerning collaborative governance are identified.
Keywords: Impact, Tourism partnerships, Performance of tourism, Beaches Influence, Successful operations and Better tourism performance.
References
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Weidenfeld, A. (2018). Tourism diversification and its implications for smart specialization. Sustainability, 10(2), 1-24.
Worku, Y. G., & Tessema, G. A. (2018). Public-private collaboration in the tourism industry in Northwestern Ethiopia. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism, and Leisure, 7(2), 1-12.
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Ahn, D., Heo, J., & Kim, C. (2020). Developing a Cooperative Model Converging Both Convention and Medical Tourism Stakeholders: Based on Deutsch’s Cooperation Theory. Sustainability, 12(16), 1-15.
Amoako, G. K., Darko, O. T., & Marfo, S. O. (2021). Stakeholder role in tourism sustainability: The case of Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum and center for art and culture in Ghana. International Hospitality Review, 1-20.
ATTA. (2021). Fears of a surge in elephant poaching as coronavirus halts tourism. Retrieved November 28, 2021, from https://howmanyelephants.org: https://howmanyelephants.org/fears-of-surge-in-elephant-poaching-as-coronavirus-halts-tourism/.
Azizpour , F., & Fathizadeh, F. (2016). Barriers to collaboration among tourism industry stakeholders. Case study: Mashhad Metropolis. Almatourism. Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, 7(13), 48-65.
Babbie , E. R. (2020). The practice of social research. Boston, Massachusetts: Cengage Learning.
Bagus, S. I., Imade, S. U., Nyoman, S. A., & Putu, W. N. (2019). Community-based tourism as sustainable tourism support. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 94(10), 70-78.
Besada, H. (2011). Zimbabwe: Picking up the pieces. New York: Springer.
Bichler, B. F., & Lösch, M. (2019). Collaborative governance in tourism: Empirical insights into a community-oriented destination. Sustainability, 11(23), 1-19.
Bushell, R., & Bricker, K. (2017). Tourism in protected areas: Developing meaningful standards. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 17(1), 106-120.
Christie, I., Christie, I. T., Fernandes, E., Messerli, H., & Twining-Ward, L. (2014). Tourism in Africa: Harnessing tourism for growth and improved livelihoods. Washington D.C: World Bank Publications.
Colleen. (2021). Collaborative Marketing in Tourism: Working Together to Lift All Boats
Creswell, D., & Creswell, J. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (5th ed.) (3rd ed.). Los Angeles: Sage.
De Araujo, L. M., & Bramwell, B. (2002). Partnership and regional tourism in Brazil. Annals of tourism research. 29(4), 1138-1164.
Dodds, R., Graci, S. R., & Holmes, M. (2010). Does the tourist care? A comparison of tourists in Koh Phi Phi, Thailand and Gili Trawangan, Indonesia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(2), 207-222.
Fathimath, A. (2015). The role of stakeholder collaboration in sustainable tourism competitiveness: the case of Auckland, New Zealand. Published Ph.D. Dissertation. Auckland: Auckland University of Technology.
Franco, M., & Estevão, C. (2010). The role of tourism public-private partnerships in regional development: a conceptual model proposal. Cadernos EBAPE. Br, 8(4), 600-612.
GoK. (2019). Covid 19 and Travel and Tourism in Kenya - Policy Brief. Nairobi: Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife.
GoK. (2022). Monthly number of visitor arrivals in Kenya from January 2020 to March 2022, by airport.
Gona, J. (2014). An investigation of private-public partnerships in tourism: The case of Eselenkei Conservancy in Kajiado District - Kenya. Nairobi: University of Nairobi.
Graci, S. (n.d.). Collaboration and partnership development for sustainable tourism. Tourism Geographies, 15(1), 25-42.
Gursoy, D., Ouyang, Z., Nunkoo, R., & Wei, W. (2018). Residents’ impact perceptions of and attitudes towards tourism development: a metaanalysis. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 28, 1–28.
Gursoy, D., Saayman, M., & Sotiriadis, M. (2015). Collaboration in tourism businesses and destinations: A handbook. Emerald Group Publishing.
Imbaya, B. O., Nthiga, R. W., Sitati, N. W., & Lenaiyasa, P. (2019). Capacity building for inclusive growth in community-based tourism initiatives in Kenya. Tourism Management Perspectives, 30, 11-18.
KATA. (2018, November 30). www.KataKenya.org. Retrieved May 12, 2021, from Tourism Sector Growth a Boost to the Economy.
Kim, H., Lee, S., Uysal, M., Kim, J., & Ahn, K. (2015). Nature-based tourism: Motivation and subjective well-being. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 32, S76-S96. doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2014.997958.
Kothari, C. R. (2014). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques (2nd ed.). New Delhi: New Age International.
Kumar, P., Tiwari, P., & Mishra, J. M. (2015). Role of Public Private Partnership in Tourism Sector of Indian Economy. Excel International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies, 5(8), 30-40.
Lahat, L., & Sher-Hadar, N. (2021). A threefold perspective: conditions for collaborative governance. In Collaborative Governance. London: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Lane, B. (2018). Will sustainable tourism research be sustainable in the future? An opinion piece. Tourism management perspectives, 25, 161-164.
Leung, Y. F., Spenceley, A., Hvenegaard, G., & Buckley, R. (2018). Tourism and visitor management in protected areas: Guidelines for sustainability (Vol. 27). Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
Manente, M., Minghetti, V., & Mingotto, E. (2016). Ranking assessment systems for responsible tourism products and corporate social responsibility practices. In Managing Tourism in a Changing World. England, UK: Routledge.
Mijiyawa, A. (2015). What drives foreign direct investment in Africa? An empirical investigation with panel data. African Development Review, 27(4), 392-402.
Morongâ, D. R., Kariuki, A. C., & Bitok, J. (2018). Stakeholders' Participation in Sustainable Tourism Development in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 1(1), 77-93.
Musakwa, W., Gumbo, T., Paradza, G., Mpofu, E., Nyathi, N. A., & Selamolela, N. B. (2020). Partnerships and stakeholder participation in the management of national parks: Experiences of the Gonarezhou National Park in Zimbabwe. Land, 9(11).
Mwesiumo, D., & Halpern, N. (2016). Interfirm conflicts in tourism value chains. Tourism Review, 71(4), 259-271.
Ness, H., Fuglsang, L., & Eide, D. (2018). Networks, dynamics, and innovation in the Tourism industry. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 18(3), 224-233. DOI: 10.1080/15022250.2018.1522719.
Newby, P. (2014). Research Methods for Education (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
Ngo, T., Lohmann, G., & Hales, R. (2018). Collaborative marketing for the sustainable development of community-based tourism enterprises: Voices from the field. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(8), 1325-1343.
Nthiga, R. W., Van der Duim, R., Visseren-Hamakers, I. J., & Lamers, M. (2015). Tourism-conservation enterprises for community livelihoods and biodiversity conservation in Kenya. Development Southern Africa, 32(3), 407-423.
Nyasuguta, F. (2019). Kenya ranked third largest tourism economy in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Star Newspaper.
Öberg, C. (2021). Conflicting logics for crisis management in tourism. Journal of Tourism Futures, 7(3), 311-321.
Pham, L. Q., Driml, S., & Walters, G. (2018). Managing seasonality in rural destinations: A case study of South Gippsland–Australia. Tourism Recreation Research, 43(4), 445-455.
Quian, S. (2010). Research on behaviors of government's tourism marketing. UTMS Journal of Economics, 1(1), 99-106.
Sarah, R. (2022). Sectors of the Tourism Industry.
Saxena, G. (2015). Imagined relational capital: An analytical tool in considering small tourism firms' sociality. Tourism Management, 49, 109-118.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, D. R. (2010). Research Methods for Business. A Skill Building Approach. (5th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons.
Sher-Hadar, N., Lahat, L., & Galnoor, I. (2018). Collaborative Governance: Theory and Lessons from Israel (1st ed.). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Spenceley, A., Snyman, S., & Eagles, P. (2017). Guidelines for tourism partnerships and concessions for protected areas: Generating sustainable revenues for conservation and development. In Report to the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity and IUCN. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
UNWTO. (2014). UNWTO Tourism Highlights. Madrid, Spain: World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO).
UNWTO. (2020, November 6). www.unwto.org. Retrieved June 12, 2021, from UNWTO brings tourism sector together to plan for the future: https://www.unwto.org/news/unwto-brings-tourism-sector-together-to-plan-for-the-future.
Valderrama, Eliana-Leonor. Understanding how collaborative governance mediates rural tourism and sustainable territory development: a systematic literature reviewValente, F. J. (2016). Leadership in regional tourism governance: a Brazilian case study. Published Ph.D. Dissertation. Lismore: Southern Cross University.
Weidenfeld, A. (2018). Tourism diversification and its implications for smart specialization. Sustainability, 10(2), 1-24.
Worku, Y. G., & Tessema, G. A. (2018). Public-private collaboration in the tourism industry in Northwestern Ethiopia. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism, and Leisure, 7(2), 1-12.
World Bank. (2010). Kenya’s Tourism: Polishing the Jewel. New York: World Bank, Finance and Private Sector Development.
WTTC. (2022). Travel and Tourism Economic Impact 2022.
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Published
2023-05-08
How to Cite
Nyahi, N. O. ., Kariuki , A. C. ., & Muthengi, S. . (2023). Influence of the Impact of Tourism Partnerships and Associated Tourism Factors on the Performance of Tourism in Beaches of Kwale County. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 6(2), 22–41. https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4135
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